稀土农用研究进展

在系统收集已有资料及课题研究的基础上,论述了国内外稀土农用的研究进展与意义,并对海南岛砖红壤中稀土农用研究的意义进行了探讨.     

强夯—塑料板排水法在粉土和粉质粘土地基加固中的试验研究

针对黄河中下游粉土、粉质粘土成层地基,通过插设塑料排水板和不插排水板条件下强夯对比试验研究,证实了插设塑料排水板可以有效的降低强夯时超静孔隙水压力峰值,加快其消散,缩短强夯施工工期;提高强夯夯沉,减少振动对土体的扰动,缩短触变恢复时间,因而人工塑料排水板在强夯处理此类地基中是十分有效的。     

曲轴轴颈轮廓形状对轴承使用性能的影响

曲轴轴颈母线形状对轴承使用性能影响巨大，从工厂曲轴的实际使用情况出发，列出了几种常见的曲轴轴颈廓形在工作时与之相配轴瓦的实际磨损情况，初步分析了出现这种情况的原因；并运用弹性流体动力润滑理论对曲轴轴颈油膜厚度进行了计算，验证了实际使用时出现的结果．     

攀枝花地区昔格达土中钒的含量及分布

对母质为昔格达组粘土的攀枝花土壤样品数据进行了分析研究。结果表明，该区土壤中的钒普遍具有一定的地带性分布规律及剖面分布特征。一般来说，矿区土壤中的钒含量明显高于非矿区，表明该区土壤主要受采矿污染的影响；水田土壤中钒含量明显高于旱地，表明水是钒元素迁移的重要介质（载体）。钒含量在土壤剖面上的空间分布呈底层富集型，反映了成土因素的综合影响。     

基于GIS的土壤信息系统

分析了GIS的功能和技术特点，研制了基于GIS的土壤信息系统。系统采用了Client／Server、Browse/Server相结合的开发模式，采用MapInfo来管理空间数据，SQL Server管理属性数据。系统实现了土壤肥力数据、土壤分类信息等的查询、检索、属性数据统计分析、专题图制作、输出及更新功能。系统的研制为提高农业生产中的科技含量，合理利用各种土壤信息提供了支持。     

^210Pbex depth distribution in soil and calibration models for assessment of soil erosion rates from ^210Pbex measurements

Throughout the past decade, the potential for using nuclear weapon-produced 137Cs ( half-life 30.2 a) fallout to quantify soil erosion rates on both cultivated and uncul- tivated lands for medium-term timescales (≈ 40 a) has been successfully demonstrated in a wide range of envi- ronments in different regions of the world[1—6]. Because in difficulties of distinguishing Chernobyl-derived compo- nent from total 137Cs input in many parts of Europe, and in measuring low activity samples of…     

HV/CVD Grown Relaxed SiGe Buffer Layers for SiGe HMOSFETs

High-vacuum/chemical-vapor deposition (HV/CVD) system was used to grow relaxed SiGe buffer layers on Si substrates. Several methods were then used to analyze the quality of the SiGe films. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the upper layer was almost fully relaxed. Second ion mass spectroscopy showed that the Ge compositions were step-graded. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the misfit dislocations were restrained to the graded SiGe layers. Tests of the electrical properties of tensile-strained Si on relaxed SiGe buffer layers showed that their transconductances were higher than that of Si devices. These results verify the high quality of the relaxed SiGe buffer layer. The calculated critical layer thicknesses of the graded Si1-xGex layer on Si substrate and a Si layer on the relaxed SiGe buffer layer agree well with experimental results.     

Loess-soil sequences in southern Anhui Province： Magnetostratigraphy and paleoclimatic significance

Two parallel loess-soil sequences from Xuancheng and Fanchang in southern Anhui Provinces are dated using geomagnetic and luminescence methods.The Brunhes/Matuyama(B/M) reversal boundary is recognized within the lower part of the so-calles Vermiculated Red Soil (VRS) in the Xuancheng section while the entire Fanchang sequence is of Brunhes age.This indicated that the most recent VRS in southern China,a stratigraphic marker and an indication of extremely warm-humid conditions,was formed during the middle Pleistocene,chronologically correlative with the S4 and S5 soil units in northern China.Microscopic and sedimentologic in vestigations reveal that eolian deposition started in this region at about 0.85 MaBp,roughly synchronous with the well-known Mid-Pleistocene climate change of global significance.The strengthening of both summer and winter monsoon circulations and the consequent river hydrological changes at that time would have provided favorable conditions for sustained eolian deposition in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River since 0.85 MaBP.     

沥青路面罩面的设计方法

针对国内外罩面或改建设计方法的不足 ,借助于同济大学对新建和罩面改建后的沥青路面使用性能的研究成果 ,将寿命周期费用分析引入罩面设计 ,提出了沥青路面罩面设计方法———基于使用性能和技术经济分析的最佳罩面时机和最佳罩面厚度选择方法 ,并通过实例说明了该方法的应用     

污染物离子在粘土介质中扩散系数的测定

介绍了利用一种自制的特殊容器 ,测定污染物离子在粘土介质中运移的扩散系数的方法 .通过Fick扩散第二定律推导的扩散系数计算公式 ,求出了阴离子 (Cl-)和阳离子 (K ,Ca2 ,Zn2 ,Cu2 )的扩散系数 .试验结果发现 :阴离子在土壤中的扩散速度比阳离子大 ;二价阳离子的直径和电导率与扩散系数之间有明显的关系 .试验结果还表明 ,在土中加入少量的水泥 ,可大大减小污染物离子的扩散速度